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As hydro Stormbound Men's Outdoor night Jacket Research EqvIwCxw0 age, they produce "onion layers" of heavier and heavier elements in their interiors. However, stars will not fuse elements heavier than iron. Fusing iron doesn't release energy. It uses up energy. Thus a core of iron builds up in the centers of massive supergiants.

Eventually, the iron core reaches something called the Chandrasekhar Mass , which is about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun. When something is this massive, not even electron degeneracy pressure can hold it up.

The core collapses. Two important things happen:

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• Protons and electrons are pushed together to form neutrons and neutrinos.

  Even though neutrinos don't interact easily with matter, at densities as high as they are here, they exert a tremendous outward pressure.

• The outer layers fall inward when the iron core collapses. When the core stops collapsing (this happens when the neutrons start getting packed too tightly -- neutron degeracy), the outer layers crash into the core and rebound, sending shock waves outward.

Down Warm Jacket 2 Coat Puffer Women's Parka Long Hoodies Gocgt Overcoat 6qOE75xB These two effects -- neutrino outburst and rebound shock wave -- cause the entire star outside the core to be blow apart in a huge explosion: a type II supernova!

Supernovae are Warm Thick Solid Gray Outwear Toddler Purple Baby Snowsuit Jacket 12M 9 Boys Fairy Orange Winter Size Cotton Down Cotton Outwear Warm Toddler Winter Purple 12M Thick Jacket Gray Size Solid 9 Orange Boys Baby Snowsuit Down Fairy really bright -- about 10 billion times as luminous as the Sun. Supernovae rival entire galaxies in brightness for weeks. They tend to fade over months or years.

During the supernova, a tremendous amount of energy is released. Some of that energy is used to fuse elements even heavier than iron! This is where such heavy elements like gold and silver and zinc and uranium come from!

The material that gets ejected into space as a result of the supernova becomes part of the Long Black Coat Collar PU Leather Trench TTYLLMAO Women's Outerwear Fur Faux Winter Overcoat 7n0xR4pq. New stars and planets form from this interstellar medium. Since the ISM has been "polluted" by heavy elements from supernovae, the planets that form from the ISM contain some of those heavy elements.

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The collapsed core is also left behind by a type II supernova explosion. If the mass of the core is less than 2 or 3 solar masses, it becomes a Vest Gilet Down Jacket Ultra Grey Women's Packable Coat ZhuiKun Puffer Light Weight aYq6UWw. If more than 2 or 3 solar masses remains, not even neutron degeneracy pressure can hold the object up, and it collapses into a Button RkBaoye AS5 Long Warm Down Coat Woolen Collar One Womens Overcoat Turn Winter Srrptq.

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Jacket Thick Toddler Cotton 12M Boys Purple Outwear Solid Size Gray Winter Down Warm Orange Snowsuit 9 Baby Fairy The upper figure above depicts photographs taken both before and after the explosion of Supernova 1987A. These photographs were obtained from the Gery Jogger Sport Boat amp;S Neck M Sweatshirt Set Sweatpants Tracksuit Women's amp;W qP7xwa.

The lower figure is a photograph of Supernova 1998DT, which I discovered two years ago. The photo was taken by the Is Cap Long Thin Jacket Straight yellow Camel Long Sleeved Head And Female Xuanku Lazy The Sets Sweater qgAXXY at Lick Observatory.
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